UNDT/2024/087, Dolgopolov
The Applicantâs 16 September 2023 request for management evaluation was not filed in a timely manner as it was filed after the expiry of the 60-day deadline stipulated in staff rule 11.2(c). There was, however, no issue of res judicata in the present case.
In the absence of any further information and/or evidence, DSS/SSS indeed acted within its scope of discretion under staff regulation 1.2(c) and art. 100.2 of the United Nations Charter, when deciding not to take any further action on the Applicantâs request for action regarding his complaint concerning the relevant law enforcement agency.
The Applicant contested âthe failure of the Secretary-General to protect him in his residence and to safeguard the immunity of the Organizationâ. As the contested decision, the Applicant refers to an email of 22 August 2023 from the Deputy Chief of the Safety and Security Service of the Department of Safety and Security (âthe Deputy SSS Chiefâ and âDSSâ, name redacted for privacy reasons) to him. He further states that the âissue is an attempt by [a specific] law enforcement agency of the host country to recruit the Applicant as its agent against his country of nationalityâ.
The Appeals Tribunal held in AAG 2022-UNAT-1308 that âStaff Regulation 1.2(c) establishes a duty of care of the Organization towards its staff membersâ. When the Administration exercises it authority under this duty of care, it âshould seek to ensure, having regard to the circumstances, that all necessary safety and security arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to themâ. Also, the âduty of care must be exercised with reasonable discretion, necessary for the managerial process to run, manage and operate the Organizationâ (see, paras. 69 and 70). Concerning the Organizationsâs duty of care towards its staff members, the Dispute Tribunal also provided in Campeau UNDT/2017/091 that âit is a commonly accepted principle of international law that International Organizations have a duty of care towards their staff membersâ. The duty of care âhas a multidimensional nature and can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is appliedâ. The Organizationâs duty of care towards its staff implies, âfirst and foremost, that it has to provide a healthy and safe working environment for and to ensure the safety of its staffâ, which âmay encompass a duty to protect its staff against outside risks, e.g. when divulging information, including personal data, that may impact on the safety and security of the staff member or his immediate familyâ. In Campeau, it was âunderstood as the obligation of the Organization to safeguard the physical and psychological integrity of the Applicant and his family, as well as his and his familyâs personal dataâ (See, para. 38.)
The Secretary-Generalâs discretionary administrative authority is, however, not unfettered. In the Appeals Tribunalâs seminal judgment in Sanwidi 2010-UNAT-084, it stated that, âAdministrative tribunals worldwide keep evolving legal principles to help them control abuse of discretionary powers. There can be no exhaustive list of the applicable legal principles in administrative law, but unfairness, unreasonableness, illegality, irrationality, procedural irregularity, bias, capriciousness, arbitrariness and lack of proportionality are some of the grounds on which tribunals may for good reason interfere with the exercise of administrative discretionâ (see, para. 38).
Pursuant to staff rule 11.2(c), a ârequest for a management evaluation shall not be receivable by the Secretary-General unless it is sent within 60 calendar days from the date on which the staff member received notification of the administrative decision to be contestedâ. From art. 8.3 of the Dispute Tribunalâs Statute, it further follows that â[t]he Dispute Tribunal shall not suspend or waive the deadlines for management evaluationâ (see also the Appeals Tribunal in, for instance, Kamara-Joyner 2023-UNAT-1400, para. 97).
As for establishing the date of notification under staff rule 11.2(c), the Appeals Tribunal has consistently held that this is âbased on objective elements that both parties (Administration and staff member) can accurately determineâ (see, for instance, Rosana 2012-UNAT-273, para. 25). In this regard, the âAppeals Tribunal has repeatedly ruled that the âdecisive moment of notification for purposes of Staff Rule 11.2(c) is when âall relevant facts ⌠were known, or should have reasonably been knownââ (see Auda 2017-UNAT-746, para. 31). Also, the âcase law of the Appeals Tribunal is to the effect that the repetition of an administrative decision ⌠does not reset the time limitâ for filing a request for management evaluation (see, for instance, Das 2024-UNAT-1433, para. 50). The Appeals Tribunal further explained in Houran et al. 2020-UNAT-1019 that âthere is no explicit requirement for written notification as a prerequisite to contest an administrative decisionâ, but âif there is no written notification, it is incumbent on the body reviewing the matter to consider whether the circumstances surrounding the verbal communication still constitutes notificationâ (see para. 30, as also affirmed in, for instance, Elmenshawy 2021-UNAT-1176, para. 25).
The Appeals Tribunal has held that â[t]he authority of a final judgmentâres judicataâcannot be so readily set asideâ (see, Costa 2010-UNAT-063, para. 4, which has been affirmed in a number of subsequent judgments, including Hossain 2024-UNAT-1450). Also, âa person may not bring a case about an already resolved controversy (res judicata)â (see, Kallon 2017-UNAT-742, para. 44). The principle of res judicata has also endorsed in a number of other Appeals Tribunal judgments (see, for instance, Soni 2024-UNAT-1414, para. 25).